BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:talks.ox.ac.uk BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Laureates' panel: the Kyoto Prize Laureates in conversation with P rofessor Ngaire Woods - Professor Andrew Yao (Tsinghua University)\, Prof Robert Roeder (Rockerfeller University)\, Professor Bruno Latour (Sciences Po Paris)\, Professor Ngaire Woods (Dean\, Blavatnik School of Government ) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20220510T170000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20220510T180000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/1af087e5-6db8-429e-b463-09d275da5008/ DESCRIPTION:For this special online session as part of the Kyoto Prize at Oxford 2022 celebrations\, Professor Andrew Chi-Chih Yao (2021 Kyoto Prize Laureate in Advanced Technology)\, Professor Robert G. Roeder (2021 Kyoto Prize Laureate in Basic Sciences) and Professor Bruno Latour (2021 Kyoto Prize Laureate in Arts and Philosophy) join Professor Ngaire Woods\, Dean of the Blavatnik School of Government to discuss the challenges of academi c leadership in extraordinary times.\n\nPlease note this event is online o nly.\nSpeakers:\nProfessor Andrew Yao (Tsinghua University)\, Prof Robert Roeder (Rockerfeller University)\, Professor Bruno Latour (Sciences Po Par is)\, Professor Ngaire Woods (Dean\, Blavatnik School of Government) LOCATION:Zoom TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/1af087e5-6db8-429e-b463-09d275da5008/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Laureates' panel: the Kyoto Prize Laureates in conversati on with Professor Ngaire Woods - Professor Andrew Yao (Tsinghua University )\, Prof Robert Roeder (Rockerfeller University)\, Professor Bruno Latour (Sciences Po Paris)\, Professor Ngaire Woods (Dean\, Blavatnik School of G overnment) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lecture: Robert G. Roeder\, Regulation of transcription in animal cells: a 50-year journey revealing an expanding universe of factors and me chanisms - Prof Robert Roeder (Rockerfeller University) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20220510T140000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20220510T153000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4035c306-bdf8-484b-b625-e60520b510cf/ DESCRIPTION:Public lecture by biochemist and molecular biologist Dr Robert G. Roeder\, 2021 Kyoto Prize Laureate for Basic Sciences \n\nRobert G. Ro eder has revealed the principle of the regulatory mechanism of transcripti on in eukaryotes through his over 50 years of transcriptional research\, b y identifying functions of a series of factors such as three distinct RNA polymerases\, basic transcription factors\, one of the first gene-specific factors\, and regulators in transcription from chromatin. \n\nAbstract\nI was raised on a farm\, where I was expected to remain\, and had little ex posure to science and no family support for higher education. However\, th rough determination and hard work\, values instilled by my parents\, I had the good fortune to obtain a college degree\, a Ph.D. in biochemistry\, a nd academic positions that allowed me to passionately pursue an exciting c areer in the biological sciences. \n\nInitially inspired by college\, grad uate and postdoctoral mentors\, my studies focused on the regulation of ge ne expression\, which is fundamental to normal human development and physi ology (and associated pathologies)\, at the level of transcription (copyin g DNA into RNA by RNA polymerase). Although an endogenous RNA polymerase a ctivity was first identified in rat liver nuclei in 1959\, subsequent stud ies in several labs focused on the more abundant bacterial enzyme that was purified in 1969 and found to interact directly with gene promoters and g ene-specific regulatory factors. \n\nAs I will describe\, and initially th rough my own biochemical studies\, the mechanisms of transcription and its regulation in eukaryotes\, containing ~20\,000 genes in the case of human s\, proved far more complex. Major discoveries to be highlighted include: (1) nuclear RNA polymerases (Pols) I\, II and III in eukaryotes in 1969— a Eureka! moment\; (2) their distinct gene-specific functions and subunit structures\; (3) cognate general initiation factors that facilitate core p romoter recognition and assembly of polymerases into pre-initiation comple xes\; (4) the prototype gene-specific transcriptional activator (TFIIIA) i n eukaryotes and\, distinct from prokaryotes\, a mechanism involving site- specific promoter binding and facilitated recruitment of general initiatio n factors that in turn recruit polymerase\; (5) both general and gene/cell -specific transcriptional co-activators\, including mechanisms involving d irect activator interactions\; (6) a general transcription repression mech anism—promoter assembly into nucleosomes—that restricts the otherwise promiscuous ability of Pol II and its initiation factors to transcribe cel l-specific genes\; (7) functional modifications of transcriptional activat ors\, as well as histones\, by histone acetyltransferases\; (8) obligatory (causal) roles for histone modifications in transcription of repressed ch romatin templates in vitro—thus providing formal proof for their previou sly assumed roles (from in vivo correlations) in transcription and\; (9) b iochemically defined systems (with purified Pol II\, general initiation an d elongation factors\, activators\, and coactivators) that mediate transcr iption of repressed recombinant chromatin templates and allow unparalleled studies of transcription mechanisms. These studies provided seminal insig hts into the unexpectedly complex mechanisms involved in eukaryotic transc ription\, were foundational for subsequent and current studies of transcri ptional regulation through other approaches\, and have profound implicatio ns for gene regulation in human health and disease.\nSpeakers:\nProf Rober t Roeder (Rockerfeller University) LOCATION:Blavatnik School of Government (Blavatnik School of Government an d Zoom)\, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter OX2 6GG TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4035c306-bdf8-484b-b625-e60520b510cf/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Lecture: Robert G. Roeder\, Regulation of transcription i n animal cells: a 50-year journey revealing an expanding universe of facto rs and mechanisms - Prof Robert Roeder (Rockerfeller University) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR