BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:talks.ox.ac.uk BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Capsules and secretion systems in non-pathogenic Neisseria spp. - Dr. Lori Snyder (Associate Professor in Biotechnology\, Kingston Universit y\, London) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200603T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200603T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/ce13ac48-2b82-4a2d-ae52-be68577a2c58/ DESCRIPTION:Commensal non-pathogenic Neisseria spp. compete for mucosal ni ches alongside the pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrh oeae. Horizontal gene transfer\, resulting from natural competence within the genus\, has been seen to go from commensals to pathogens and reverse. Four distinct Neisseria spp. were isolated from the throats of two southwe st London university students and have been assessed using a combination o f microbiological and bioinformatics techniques. Three of the isolates hav e been identified as Neisseria subflava biovar perflava and one as Neisser ia cinerea\, using a combination of laboratory and different sequence-base d strategies to support species assignments. Amongst identified strain-spe cific regions are secretion systems: a Type 6 Secretion System and a Type 4 Secretion System unlike that in other Neisseria spp. This investigation is the first to identify these systems in either the non-pathogenic or pat hogenic Neisseria spp. In addition\, the N. subflava biovar perflava posse ss previously unreported capsule loci sequences that indicate that these i solates may express one more more serogroups that have not previously been explored experimentally. As has been observed in other investigations\, s equences have been identified in all four isolates that are similar to gen es associated with virulence seen within the pathogens. These data from th e four commensal isolates provides further evidence for a Neisseria spp. g ene pool and highlights the presence of systems within the commensals with functions still to be explored.\nSpeakers:\nDr. Lori Snyder (Associate Pr ofessor in Biotechnology\, Kingston University\, London) LOCATION:Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84293363337?pwd=b3Z4d VNNSk1UWkJqMFptRWhZdUZCdz09 Meeting ID: 842 9336 3337 Password: 039144 TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/ce13ac48-2b82-4a2d-ae52-be68577a2c58/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Capsules and secretion systems in non-pathogenic Neisseri a spp. - Dr. Lori Snyder (Associate Professor in Biotechnology\, Kingston University\, London) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:CANCELLED - Team Coronavirus – the Medawar Building Response to a Global Pandemic - Prof. Paul Klenerman (Peter Medawar Building\, NDM\, O xford)\, Prof Oliver Pybus (Zoology Department\, University of Oxford)\, P rofessor Susie Dunachie (University of Oxford)\, Prof Peter Simmonds (Univ ersity of Oxford) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200318T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200318T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/45c898e0-069e-4a8d-a759-02858351fb35/ DESCRIPTION:\nStatus: This talk has been cancelled\nShort presentations on the emergence\, epidemiology and clinical impact of SARS Coronavirus 2 / COVID19\nSpeakers:\nProf. Paul Klenerman (Peter Medawar Building\, NDM\, O xford)\, Prof Oliver Pybus (Zoology Department\, University of Oxford)\, P rofessor Susie Dunachie (University of Oxford)\, Prof Peter Simmonds (Univ ersity of Oxford) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Zoology Research and Administration Build ing\, Seminar Room\, 11a Mansfield Road\, OX1 3SZ)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX 1 3SZ TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/45c898e0-069e-4a8d-a759-02858351fb35/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:CANCELLED - Team Coronavirus – the Medawar Building Res ponse to a Global Pandemic - Prof. Paul Klenerman (Peter Medawar Building\ , NDM\, Oxford)\, Prof Oliver Pybus (Zoology Department\, University of Ox ford)\, Professor Susie Dunachie (University of Oxford)\, Prof Peter Simmo nds (University of Oxford) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:CANCELLED - Celiac disease associated genetics points to a major r ole of Interferon gamma signalling and identifies TRAFD1 as master regulat or in disease - Iris Jonkers (Department of Genetics\, University Medical Center Groningen\, University of Groningen) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200318T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200318T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/fab75c20-6b2d-425c-87b8-ea8ee6fe646f/ DESCRIPTION:\nStatus: This talk has been cancelled\nCeliac disease (CeD) i s a complex T cell–mediated enteropathy induced by gluten. Although geno me-wide association studies have identified numerous genomic regions assoc iated with CeD\, it is difficult to accurately pinpoint which genes in the se loci are most likely to cause CeD. We used four different in silico app roaches to integrate information gathered from a large transcriptomics dat aset. This identified 118 prioritized genes across 50 CeD-associated regio ns. Co-expression and pathway analysis of these genes indicated an associa tion with adaptive and innate cytokine signalling and T cell activation pa thways. 51 of these genes are targets of known drug compounds\, suggesting that our methods can be used to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets. I n addition\, we detected 129 gene-combinations that were affected by our C eD-prioritized genes in trans. Notably\, 40 of these trans-mediated genes appear to be under control of one master regulator\, TRAFD1\, and were fou nd to be involved in IFN signalling and MHC I antigen processing/presen tation. We then performed in vitro experiments that validated the role of TRAFD1 as an immune regulator acting in trans. Our strategy has confirmed the role of adaptive immunity in CeD and revealed a genetic link between C eD and the IFNsignalling and MHC I antigen processing pathways\, bot h major players of immune activation and CeD pathogenesis. Our next steps will be to test the role of TRAFD1 in a novel\, human model system of the intestinal barrier\, the gut-on-chip.\nSpeakers:\nIris Jonkers (Department of Genetics\, University Medical Center Groningen\, University of Groning en) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Seminar room)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX1 3S Z TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/fab75c20-6b2d-425c-87b8-ea8ee6fe646f/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:CANCELLED - Celiac disease associated genetics points to a major role of Interferon gamma signalling and identifies TRAFD1 as maste r regulator in disease - Iris Jonkers (Department of Genetics\, University Medical Center Groningen\, University of Groningen) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Population genomics of the bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenz ae - Dr Grace Wezi Mzumara (University of Oxford\, Department of Zoology\, Martin Maiden Research Group) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200212T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20200212T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/a64f75ff-1037-4b46-b1b0-c1479c73da83/ DESCRIPTION:Haemophilus influenzae is a commensal Gram negative bacterium present in the nasopharynx of most healthy children and adults from where it can occasionally systemically spread to cause meningitis\, otitis media and other invasive diseases. H. influenzae isolates can be differentiated on the basis of the presence of a capsule with 5 distinct capsule types k nown to-date (a\, b\, c\, d\, e and f). Such isolates are defined as typea ble with those lacking a capsule described as non-typeable (NTHi). Before implementation of the polysaccharide conjugate vaccine\, H.influenzae sero type B was responsible for causing invasive disease epidemics across the g lobe. Today\, non-typeable and other non-b serotypes are major causes of d isease concomitant with an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Here\, th e population biology of H.influenzae is presented. This was done using a g lobal collection of published whole genome sequence data (WGS) belonging t o 1909 H. influenzae isolates. Using a gene-by-gene approach\, WGS data w ere characterised across the genome and the capsule locus annotated. Our f indings demonstrate how molecular epidemiology can inform vaccine developm ent\, and how other researchers can contribute to this field. \nSpeakers:\ nDr Grace Wezi Mzumara (University of Oxford\, Department of Zoology\, Mar tin Maiden Research Group) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Seminar room)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX1 3S Z TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/a64f75ff-1037-4b46-b1b0-c1479c73da83/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Population genomics of the bacterial pathogen Haemophilus influenzae - Dr Grace Wezi Mzumara (University of Oxford\, Department of Zoology\, Martin Maiden Research Group) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Wild non-human primate microbiomes\, flies and pathogens in changi ng ecosystems - Jan Frederik Gogarten (Project Group 3: Epidemiology of Hi ghly Pathogenic Microorganisms - Robert Koch Institute) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191204T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191204T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/d8d65329-75c6-412b-8c39-781726a4640b/ DESCRIPTION:The close evolutionary relationship and similar physiology of non-human primates and humans mean that they can share many pathogens. His toric long-term data and field studies in Uganda and the Côte d’Ivoire provide insights into the cascading impacts of environmental changes on no n-human primate behaviour\, ecology and microorganism transmission. I will present data showing that red colobus monkey (Procolobus rufomitratus) gr oup sizes increased on a parkwide scale in Kibale National Park and had ca scading impacts on other behaviours including activity budgets\, diets\, a nd competitive regimes in these groups. I present our research showing tha t flies actively track monkeys and carry infectious bacterial pathogens\, and that these associations represent an understudied cost of sociality\, with higher fly densities associated with larger group sizes. I present re search on factors influencing the structure of bacterial gut microbiomes a nd the bacteriophages that influence these communities in these changing e nvironments and show evidence for co-evolution of some phages with their p rimate super-hosts and zoonotic transmission of phages from humans to prim ates living in captivity. I will present our use of hybridization capture coupled with next generation sequencing on a diversity of substrates inclu ding tissues\, flies\, and bones\, which enable research on wild primate p athogens like Treponema pallidum pertenue\, the pathogen responsible for h uman yaws disease\, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis\, causing sylvatic an thrax\, and a diversity of viruses. Lastly\, I present evidence that flies are a tool for biomonitoring\, providing information on the mammals and p athogens present in ecosystems that may help us study their populations at large scales. \nSpeakers:\nJan Frederik Gogarten (Project Group 3: Epidem iology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms - Robert Koch Institute) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Zoology Research and Administration Build ing\, Seminar Room\, 11a Mansfield Road\, OX1 3SZ)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX 1 3SZ TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/d8d65329-75c6-412b-8c39-781726a4640b/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Wild non-human primate microbiomes\, flies and pathogens in changing ecosystems - Jan Frederik Gogarten (Project Group 3: Epidemiol ogy of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms - Robert Koch Institute) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The T-cell Antigen Map Project - Jonathan Carlson PhD (Senior Dire ctor\, Microsoft Healthcare) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191104T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191104T150000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/bf47b30f-caa2-4350-bf82-c25b650f3859/ DESCRIPTION:The T-cell Antigen Map Project is a partnership between Micros oft and Adaptive Biotechnologies that aims to map T-cells to antigens to d iagnose and treat disease. The basis of the approach is decoding T-cell sp ecificity. As the central component of the adaptive immune system\, T-cell s play a critical role in mediating health and disease\, actively controll ing cancers and pathogens\, and causing autoimmune disorders when they att ack healthy human cells. The antigen specificity of each individual T-cell is determined by its T-cell Receptor (TCR)\, with adaptive immunity colle ctively achieved through the selective expansion of T-cells after they bin d their cognate antigens. These expanded\, antigen-specific T-cells circul ate in the blood\, making their TCRs accessible to high throughput DNA seq uencing. If we could decode the specificities of those circulating TCRs\, we could diagnose a plethora of diseases and could engineer T-cells to tar get individual cancers. Over the past year and a half\, we have focused on building capacity in both data generation and analysis. To date\, we have sequenced the TCR repertoires of over 10\,000 individuals\, and have mapp ed over 400\,000 TCRs to thousands of disease-associated antigens\, which has enabled the development of new machine learning approaches to associat ing TCRs with antigens and disease. \n\nThis is a highly collaborative pro ject\, involving scientists\, researchers and engineers from Adaptive and Microsoft. In this talk I will provide an overview of the partnership and the project\, and describe some early results.\n\n\nSpeakers:\nJonathan Ca rlson PhD (Senior Director\, Microsoft Healthcare) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 seminar room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/bf47b30f-caa2-4350-bf82-c25b650f3859/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:The T-cell Antigen Map Project - Jonathan Carlson PhD (Se nior Director\, Microsoft Healthcare) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:CANCELLED - Protectors and killers: rapid evolution of microbe-med iated protection from infection - Kayla King (University of Oxford) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191113T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/1e3aee73-eb1f-47a7-8c7b-7361a48bedf5/ DESCRIPTION:Many animal and plant species harbour microbes in their microb iota that protect them from parasite infection. These ‘protective microb es’ can be a significant component of host defence. Using experimental e volution of a novel\, tripartite interaction\, my group has demonstrated t hat a costly bacterium living in worms can rapidly evolve to defend their animal hosts against infection by virulent parasites\, thus crossing the p arasitism-mutualism continuum. We also show that these protective microbes can drive major changes in host tolerance\, parasite virulence and coevol utionary dynamics. Our results indicate that the host microbiome is import ant in shaping infection outcomes\, now and over evolutionary time. \nSpea kers:\nKayla King (University of Oxford) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Seminar room)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX1 3S Z TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/1e3aee73-eb1f-47a7-8c7b-7361a48bedf5/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:CANCELLED - Protectors and killers: rapid evolution of mi crobe-mediated protection from infection - Kayla King (University of Oxfor d) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ebola virus: Vaccines\, survivors and molecular epidemiology - Mil es Carroll (Public Health England) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191023T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191023T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/de8bcf92-5d85-43f5-ad82-36c7ae56b95a/ DESCRIPTION:The 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus outbreak had devastatin g effects on the local region. However\, the large number of Ebola virus d isease cases has allowed researchers to assess\; the efficacy of novel vac cines\, characteristics of naturally acquired immunity and the existence o f sub-symptomatic infections. Additionally\, as it was the most extensivel y sequenced outbreak in history it has provided opportunities to assess vi rus mutation patterns and develop tools to support molecular epidemiology. The seminar will include an overview of a unique longitudinal analysis o f two cohorts of survivors in Guinea and compare naturally acquired and va ccine induced immunity. Aspects of the utility of real-time field sequenci ng of EBOV in an outbreak setting will also be described.\nSpeakers:\nMile s Carroll (Public Health England) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Seminar room)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX1 3S Z TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/de8bcf92-5d85-43f5-ad82-36c7ae56b95a/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Ebola virus: Vaccines\, survivors and molecular epidemiol ogy - Miles Carroll (Public Health England) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Moving forward with spatial disease models: Movement ecology impr oves predictions for disease spread - David Daversa (Postdoctoral Research er Institute for Integrative Biology\, University of Liverpool) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191016T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191016T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/d4bcc3ea-9d44-4127-aed1-e96e83c5fc60/ DESCRIPTION:Global change is altering patterns of wildlife movement\, and in turn\, how they spread parasites over the landscape. Infectious diseas e outbreaks from parasite spread threaten public health and biodiversity. Yet\, there remains much uncertainty over the extent to which wildlife mov ements contribute to parasite spread that hinders disease control efforts. For this talk\, I will present a new model for predicting the impact of h ost migrations\, dispersal and other movements on the spatial spread of pa rasites\, and use the model to explain the factors that determine whether wildlife movements facilitate or inhibit parasite spread. I will also pres ent my field and experimental studies of amphibians that quantified the ef fect of their movements on the dynamics of the fungal parasite\, Batrachoc hytrium dendrobatidis.\nSpeakers:\nDavid Daversa (Postdoctoral Researcher Institute for Integrative Biology\, University of Liverpool) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Seminar room)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX1 3S Z TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/d4bcc3ea-9d44-4127-aed1-e96e83c5fc60/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Moving forward with spatial disease models: Movement eco logy improves predictions for disease spread - David Daversa (Postdoctoral Researcher Institute for Integrative Biology\, University of Liverpool) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding rotavirus dynamics in response to vaccination - Virg ina Pitzer (Associate Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) Yale School of Public Health) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191030T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20191030T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/71c5d9ee-0379-4cc5-8643-8ec73533f997/ DESCRIPTION:The recent introduction of rotavirus vaccines into the nationa l immunization schedules of the United States and other countries has led to substantial reductions in the incidence of severe diarrhea in children. However\, there is concern over whether indirect protection evident in hi gh-income countries in the short term will extend to low-income countries and to the long term\, and whether the selective pressures imposed by vacc ines will lead to the emergence of non-vaccine-type strains. Using data-dr iven models for the transmission dynamics of rotavirus\, we generate predi ctions about rotavirus dynamics in response to vaccination by relating ind ividual-level protection offered by vaccines to population-level effects. I will discuss how models were able to predict the post-vaccination emerge nce of a biennial pattern of epidemics in the US\, why rotavirus genotypes tend to cycle\, and possible explanations for the lower vaccine effective ness observed in countries such as Malawi.\nSpeakers:\nVirgina Pitzer (Ass ociate Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) Yale School of Publi c Health) LOCATION:Biology Mansfield Road (Seminar room)\, 11a Mansfield Road OX1 3S Z TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/71c5d9ee-0379-4cc5-8643-8ec73533f997/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Understanding rotavirus dynamics in response to vaccinati on - Virgina Pitzer (Associate Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseas es) Yale School of Public Health) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Antigenic breadth - a missing component of an effective vaccine ag ainst herpes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190613T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190613T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4c1726ee-f451-4d61-9f48-612097a8c095/ DESCRIPTION:The successful human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B viru s (HBV) subunit vaccines contain single viral proteins that represent 22% and 12%\, respectively\, of the total antigens encoded by these simple vir uses. The herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) genome is 20 and 50 times larger \, respectively. Thus\, single protein subunit vaccines represent only 1% of HSV-2's total antigenic breadth. The concept of antigenic breadth offer s a unifying explanation for why HSV-2 glycoprotein D subunit vaccines hav e repeatedly failed in human clinical trials\, and why live HSV-2 vaccines that encode 99% of HSV-2's antigens are more effective in side-by-side te sts. We believe that live HSV-2 vaccines represent an unexplored opportuni ty to stop the genital herpes epidemic.\n LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar room\, South Parks Road\, Oxford\, OX1 3SY)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4c1726ee-f451-4d61-9f48-612097a8c095/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Antigenic breadth - a missing component of an effective v accine against herpes TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:T cell control of HIV - Prospects for Cure - Professor Bruce Walke r (Ragon Institute of MGH\, MIT and Harvard) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190621T150000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190621T160000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/694f6017-6c80-42ee-b729-b6355f0afb00/ DESCRIPTION:Some persons with HIV infection have been infected for decades \, are entirely well and have undetectable plasma HIV levels despite never having taken medication. Application of network theory to HIV structures reveals a mechanistic basis for this successful control of HIV by T cells \, and a means to design rational T cell-based vaccines for highly variabl e pathogens.\nSpeakers:\nProfessor Bruce Walker (Ragon Institute of MGH\, MIT and Harvard) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 seminar room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/694f6017-6c80-42ee-b729-b6355f0afb00/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:T cell control of HIV - Prospects for Cure - Professor Br uce Walker (Ragon Institute of MGH\, MIT and Harvard) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Robust MAIT cell activation in response to interactions with prima ry human liver cell subsets - Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich (Research Gro up Leader\,University Hospital Basel )\, Martin Lett (University Hospital Basel) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190626T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190626T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/1ce98d25-a35e-468a-b511-b2b05c7f50fa/ DESCRIPTION:Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent the most abundant T cell type in human liver. Activated MAIT cells are able to sec rete IL-17\, a cytokine known to exert pro-fibrotic functions. In order to understand which cells in the liver are involved in MAIT cell activation\ , we are applying naturally occurring antigens (Ag) and defining Ag-presen tation capacities of primary human liver cell subsets\, both parenchymal a nd non-parenchymal\, to human MAIT cells. We also study MAIT cell localiza tion in human liver tissue\, as assessed by immunofluorescence staining. F urther\, we are interested to explore occupancy of the Ag-presenting molec ule MR1 with non-stimulatory ligands as a therapeutic strategy to prevent pro-fibrogenic properties of MAIT cells.\nSpeakers:\nMagdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich (Research Group Leader\,University Hospital Basel )\, Martin Let t (University Hospital Basel) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/1ce98d25-a35e-468a-b511-b2b05c7f50fa/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Robust MAIT cell activation in response to interactions w ith primary human liver cell subsets - Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich (Res earch Group Leader\,University Hospital Basel )\, Martin Lett (University Hospital Basel) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Genomic Insights into Herpesviral evolution and pathogenesis - Pro fessor Judith Breuer (University College London) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190529T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190529T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/e311f432-e955-428e-a5b2-421ec4fa79de/ DESCRIPTION:Herpesvirus are ancient pathogens that have co-evolved with th eir cognate hosts. The use of pioneering enrichment methods to sequence h erpesvirus genomes directly from clinical material has revealed unexpected insights into the evolution and pathogenesis of these DNA viruses . We f ind that recombination is a dominant driver of herpesvirus evolution\, wit h herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus recombining freely\, other than in ke y hotspots. In contrast varicella zoster virus and Epstein Barr virus rec ombination is constrained leading to evidence of population structure. Wh ile the forces shaping the VZV and EBV population structure are unknown th e data suggest possible hypotheses that will be explored. Mathematical mod elling of sequence data recovered from clinical samples also provides insi ght into the natural history of these human-restricted viruses in their na tural host\, leading to new findings and testable hypotheses about pathoge nesis and virulence. \nSpeakers:\nProfessor Judith Breuer (University Coll ege London) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/e311f432-e955-428e-a5b2-421ec4fa79de/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Genomic Insights into Herpesviral evolution and pathogene sis - Professor Judith Breuer (University College London) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:BBC Pandemic – informing infectious disease models with citizen science - Dr Petra Klepac (Assistant Professor of Infectious Disease Model ling\, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190605T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190605T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/b348d7a5-c128-49dc-9fd2-6cf4fde200c1/ DESCRIPTION:To mark the centenary of the 1918 influenza pandemic\, the BBC have put together a feature-length documentary called ‘Contagion! The B BC Four Pandemic’. Central to the documentary is a nationwide citizen sc ience experiment\, during which volunteers in the United Kingdom could dow nload and use a custom mobile phone app called BBC Pandemic\, and contribu te their movement and contact data for a day. This talk explores the model ling work that went into building influenza epidemic simulations for this program and some insights from this incredibly rich data set. \nSpeakers:\ nDr Petra Klepac (Assistant Professor of Infectious Disease Modelling\, Lo ndon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar room\, level 30)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/b348d7a5-c128-49dc-9fd2-6cf4fde200c1/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:BBC Pandemic – informing infectious disease models with citizen science - Dr Petra Klepac (Assistant Professor of Infectious Dise ase Modelling\, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The MHC class-II HLA-DR receptor mediates bat influenza A-like H17 N10 virus entry into mammalian cells - Efstathios Giotis (Imperial College London) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190515T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190515T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/e8cc9c07-669f-4ec8-ae59-36eebdf47873/ DESCRIPTION:Bats are notorious reservoirs of diverse\, potentially zoonoti c viruses\, exemplified by the evolutionarily distinct\, influenza A-like viruses H17N10 and H18N11 (BatIVs). The surface glycoproteins [haemaggluti nin (H) and neuraminidase (N)] of BatIVs neither bind nor cleave sialic ac id receptors\, which suggests that these viruses employ cell attachment an d entry mechanisms that differ from those of classical influenza A viruses (IAVs). Identifying the cellular factors that mediate entry and determine susceptibility to infection will help assess the host range of BatIVs. He re\, we investigated a range of cell lines from different species for thei r susceptibility to infection by pseudotyped viruses (PV) bearing bat H17 and/or N10 envelope glycoproteins. We show that a number of human haematop oietic cancer cell lines and the canine kidney MDCK II (but not MDCK I) ce lls are susceptible to H17-pseudotypes (H17-PV). We observed with microarr ays and qRT-PCR that the dog leukocyte antigen DLA-DRA mRNA is over expres sed in late passaged parental MDCK and commercial MDCK II cells\, compared to early passaged parental MDCK and MDCK I cells\, respectively. The huma n orthologue HLA-DRA encodes the alpha subunit of the MHC class II HLA-DR  antigen-binding heterodimer. Small interfering RNA- or neutralizing anti body-targeting HLA-DRA\, drastically reduced the susceptibility of Raji B cells to H17-PV. Conversely\, over expression of HLA-DRA and its paralogue HLA-DRB1 on the surface of the unsusceptible HEK293T/17 cells conferred s usceptibility to H17-PV. The identification of HLA-DR as an H17N10 entry m ediator will contribute to a better understanding of the tropism of the vi rus and will elucidate its zoonotic transmission.\nSpeakers:\nEfstathios G iotis (Imperial College London) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar room\, South Parks Road\, Oxford\, OX1 3SY)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/e8cc9c07-669f-4ec8-ae59-36eebdf47873/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:The MHC class-II HLA-DR receptor mediates bat influenza A -like H17N10 virus entry into mammalian cells - Efstathios Giotis (Imperia l College London) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Historical and modern rabbit populations reveal parallel adaptatio n to myxoma virus across two continents - Dr Joel Alves (University of Oxf ord) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190220T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190220T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/3b3260aa-4c1d-4035-860e-dd583cc156a1/ DESCRIPTION:In the 1950s the myxoma virus was deliberately released into w ild European rabbit populations in Australia and Europe. The subsequent pa ndemic decimated populations and resulted in a remarkable natural experime nt\, where rabbits in both continents rapidly evolved resistance to the vi rus. We investigated the genetic basis of this resistance by comparing the exomes of modern individuals with the exomes of historical rabbit specime ns collected before the virus release. By replicating our analyses in Aust ralia\, France and the United Kingdom we found a strong pattern of paralle l selection across the three countries\, with the same genetic variants ch anging in frequency over the last 60 years. Notably\, these occurred in ge nes involved in antiviral immunity and viral replication\, and support a p olygenic basis of resistance. We experimentally validated the functional r ole of these genes as viral modulators and showed that selection acting on three amino acids in an interferon protein increased its antiviral effect .\n\nSpeakers:\nDr Joel Alves (University of Oxford) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar room\, South Parks Road\, Oxford\, OX1 3SY)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/3b3260aa-4c1d-4035-860e-dd583cc156a1/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Historical and modern rabbit populations reveal parallel adaptation to myxoma virus across two continents - Dr Joel Alves (Universi ty of Oxford) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Insights into the epidemiology of dengue and Zika from maps and mo dels - Dr Oliver Brady (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190227T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190227T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/8ff72551-99ad-4a22-b76c-346ffa33148f/ DESCRIPTION:The mosquito-borne viral diseases of dengue and Zika are one o f the fastest growing public health threats in the tropics. Mathematical m odels that describe how these diseases are spread are powerful tools for u nderstanding their global emergence and their impact on affected populatio ns. In this talk I will show how spatial models fit to epidemiological dat a have allowed us to better understand ZIKV outbreaks\, improve our unders tanding of the burden they impose in endemic areas and help us better plan for future spread.\n\nSpeakers:\nDr Oliver Brady (London School of Hygien e and Tropical Medicine) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar room\, South Parks Road\, Oxford\, OX1 3SY)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/8ff72551-99ad-4a22-b76c-346ffa33148f/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Insights into the epidemiology of dengue and Zika from ma ps and models - Dr Oliver Brady (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Med icine) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How trypanosomatid parasites drive their swimming: New lessons fro m new light microscopy approaches - Dr Richard Wheeler (University of Oxfo rd) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190206T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190206T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/8f9dbe9b-5f45-4088-bcdd-0cedfb407b45/ DESCRIPTION:Trypanosomes and Leishmania are two groups of important neglec ted human pathogens. They are single cell eukaryotes and are active swimme rs for many of their life cycle stages. This swimming is vital for the lif e cycle - inability to swim gives a range of defects\, from the dramatic c ell death of trypanosomes in the host bloodstream to the inability of Leis hmania to transmit through the sandfly vector. A single flagellum drives s wimming motility and the flagellum beats at around 40 times per second\, d emanding camera frame rates upward of 200 frames per second to analyse its movement. Analysing the flagellum by fluorescence microscopy is therefore a significant challenge\, but would confer great advantages by allowing t he analysis of individual proteins and structures within the cell. We have developed synchronous multi-channel and multi-focal plane widefield fluor escence microscopy capable of visualising endogenously tagged proteins wit hin the flagellum at 200 to 400 frames per second. The ability to visualis e multiple channels and multiple focal planes using fluorescence in a live beating flagellum is opens up new opportunities to understand how parasit es and other flagellated/ciliated organisms control their motility.\nSpeak ers:\nDr Richard Wheeler (University of Oxford) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar room\, South Parks Road\, Oxford\, OX1 3SY)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/8f9dbe9b-5f45-4088-bcdd-0cedfb407b45/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:How trypanosomatid parasites drive their swimming: New le ssons from new light microscopy approaches - Dr Richard Wheeler (Universit y of Oxford) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Sheep in Wolves' Clothing: Insect-specific viruses of mosquitoes e xploited as novel platforms for diagnostics and vaccines - Prof Roy Hall ( University of Queensland Australia) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181010T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181010T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/3153315a-2645-4d40-9a55-157ced3a5395/ DESCRIPTION:Over the last decade our group have discovered several insect- specific flaviviruses (ISFs) in mosquitoes from different regions of Austr alia. These viruses do not replicate in vertebrate cells but grow to high titre in mosquito cultures. Genome sequence analyses of these viruses reve al we have discovered many new species of ISFs representing two distinct g enetic lineages. Construction of infectious DNAs and chimeric viruses has allowed us to identify stages at pre- and post-cell entry where ISF infect ion and replication is blocked in vertebrate cells. We have also generated a series of chimeric viruses expressing the structural genes (prM-E) from pathogenic flaviviruses\, including West Nile\, Zika and dengue viruses\, spliced into the genetic backbone of two different ISF species. These chi meras exhibit the insect-specific phenotype of their parental ISFs\, growi ng efficiently in mosquito cells but not in vertebrate cultures but are st ructurally indistinguishable from virions of the pathogenic parental virus es. These chimeric viruses are proving to be excellent candidates for safe diagnostic antigens and vaccines for mosquito-borne flaviviral diseases.\ nSpeakers:\nProf Roy Hall (University of Queensland Australia) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/3153315a-2645-4d40-9a55-157ced3a5395/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Sheep in Wolves' Clothing: Insect-specific viruses of mos quitoes exploited as novel platforms for diagnostics and vaccines - Prof R oy Hall (University of Queensland Australia) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Parallel Evolution and the Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian In fluenza A Viruses - Dr Marina Escalera Zamudio (University of Oxford) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181114T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181114T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/197948d6-1af4-46a1-9ed2-1642f033b4b4/ DESCRIPTION:\n\nSurveillance of avian influenza is crucial for early detec tion of outbreaks in bird populations. Although virulent phenotypes are co mplex traits\, several molecular determinants of virulence have been well characterised\, such as a polybasic proteolytic cleavage site within the H emagglutinin (HA) protein that allows a systemic spread of the infection. We hypothesise that the parallel evolution of highly pathogenic viral line ages from low-pathogenic ancestors may have been facilitated by permissive or compensatory secondary mutations occurring anywhere in the viral genom e. We developed a computational method to detect mutations associated to a n evolving trait within a given phylogeny (in this case\, virulence) and a pplied it to a phylogenetically informed sample dataset of H7NX viruses (n >300). A panel of over 30 sites strongly associated with the HP phenotype were detected. This panel may function as an early detection system for tr ansitions between LP to HP avian viruses. \nSpeakers:\nDr Marina Escalera Zamudio (University of Oxford) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/197948d6-1af4-46a1-9ed2-1642f033b4b4/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Parallel Evolution and the Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses - Dr Marina Escalera Zamudio (University of Oxf ord) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Environmental DNA for wildlife epidemiology and outbreak investig ation - Dr Sebastien Calvignac (Robert Koch Institute\, Berlin) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181024T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181024T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/755c55c9-3d6f-4c7d-9405-4fed796dcbe5/ DESCRIPTION:The wildlife component of the human/wildlife interfaces where zoonotic pathogens emerge is usually very poorly characterized. This is tr ue both for the wildlife communities themselves and for their parasites. E cological and veterinary investigations are absolutely required but the in frastructure and manpower needed prevent their broad deployment. Fecal sam ple analyses are now frequently used to magnify our ability to monitor wil dlife and their pathogens. In this presentation\, I will show how we can e xtend our toolkit by using other sources of environmental DNA\, with a str ong focus on invertebrate-derived DNA.\nSpeakers:\nDr Sebastien Calvignac (Robert Koch Institute\, Berlin) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/755c55c9-3d6f-4c7d-9405-4fed796dcbe5/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Environmental DNA for wildlife epidemiology and outbreak investigation - Dr Sebastien Calvignac (Robert Koch Institute\, Berlin) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Adapting protein quality control for intervention in immunity and neurodegenerative diseases - Heidi Olzscha (University of Halle-Wittenberg ) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181121T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181121T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/85b91b52-05aa-4636-a0de-15bcb5cffd32/ DESCRIPTION:Protein folding is tightly regulated by molecular chaperones a nd other protein quality control mechanisms such as the ubiquitin proteaso me system and autophagy to ensure the integrity of the proteome. However\, these systems can fail to prevent protein misfolding\, leading to protein aggregation and amyloidosis. They are underlying reasons for many neurode generative diseases\, including Alzheimer’s disease\, Parkinson’s dise ase or Huntington’s disease. Interfering with protein quality control sy stems and modulating posttranslational modifications of proteins can reduc e aggregation\, ameliorate amyloidosis and can have profound effects on th e immune system.\nSpeakers:\nHeidi Olzscha (University of Halle-Wittenberg ) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/85b91b52-05aa-4636-a0de-15bcb5cffd32/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Adapting protein quality control for intervention in immu nity and neurodegenerative diseases - Heidi Olzscha (University of Halle-W ittenberg) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Host MHC and genomic diversity retards experimental evolution of v iral virulence - Professor Wayne Potts (University of Utah) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181128T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20181128T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/ea5e5091-1c2d-49e5-a3bc-5295ec7ab01c/ DESCRIPTION:Experimental evolution of a mouse-specific retrovirus in vario us host genotypes reveal increases in fitness and virulence by 50- and 20- fold respectively. The virus adapts to specific host genotypes as indicate d by its’ reduced ability to infect other host genotypes\, including tho se that differ only at histocompatibility loci. Three round serial passage s where the host genotype is alternated once\, dramatically reduces viral fitness and virulence. Full genome sequencing of these evolved viral lines reveal surprising results where no mutations have become fixed despite st rong selection operating over 240 generations.\nSpeakers:\nProfessor Wayne Potts (University of Utah) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/ea5e5091-1c2d-49e5-a3bc-5295ec7ab01c/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Host MHC and genomic diversity retards experimental evolu tion of viral virulence - Professor Wayne Potts (University of Utah) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Adapting protein quality control for intervention in neurodegenera tive diseases (CANCELLED) - Heidi Olzscha (University of Oxford) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180606T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180606T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/ae0a3009-3a22-4aec-b76d-123453ccf525/ DESCRIPTION:Protein folding is tightly regulated by molecular chaperones a nd other protein quality control mechanisms such as the ubiquitin proteaso me system and autophagy to ensure the integrity of the proteome. However\, these systems can fail to prevent protein misfolding\, leading to protein aggregation and amyloidosis. They are underlying reasons for many neurode generative diseases\, including Alzheimer’s disease\, Parkinson’s dise ase or Huntington’s disease. Interfering with protein quality control sy stems and modulating posttranslational modifications of proteins in neuron al cells can reduce aggregation and ameliorate amyloidosis. \nSpeakers:\nH eidi Olzscha (University of Oxford) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/ae0a3009-3a22-4aec-b76d-123453ccf525/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Adapting protein quality control for intervention in neur odegenerative diseases (CANCELLED) - Heidi Olzscha (University of Oxford) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Population Genetics of Malaria-Blocking Mutations - Bridget Pe nman (University of Warwick) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180516T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180516T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/a8b7bc55-6bc0-406e-a186-25a09d737a6c/ DESCRIPTION:Individuals with the Duffy negative blood group are highly res istant to blood stage infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax . Duffy negativity is so widespread in sub Saharan Africa that transmissio n of P. vivax malaria cannot be maintained in this region. But why has Du ffy negativity not reached similar frequencies in other parts of the world where P. vivax is endemic? Are malaria blocking mutations\, or\, more bro adly\, infection blocking mutations\, likely or unlikely to reach high fre quencies in populations? In this talk I will present a theoretical framew ork with which to explore these questions\, and demonstrate a possible exp lanation for the global distribution of the Duffy blood group. \nSpeakers :\nBridget Penman (University of Warwick) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/a8b7bc55-6bc0-406e-a186-25a09d737a6c/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:The Population Genetics of Malaria-Blocking Mutations - B ridget Penman (University of Warwick) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Seasonality and endemicity of Melioidosis: the impact of phages. - Edouard Galyov (University of Leicester) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180509T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180509T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/563a5282-c6de-40ce-870f-f80a4ebeb9da/ DESCRIPTION:Melioidosis\, a serious environmentally-acquired bacterial inf ection\, is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is often charac terised by a noticeable seasonality. Burkholderia pseudomallei\, the causa tive agent of melioidosis\, is commonly found in tropical soil and stagnan t waters\, which represent environmental reservoir of the disease. In this work\, we studied environmental phages capable of infecting B. pseudomall ei. A particular clade of phages - which is highly abundant in the endemi c area of Thailand - infects B. pseudomallei according to temperature cond itions: phages are predominantly lytic at a higher temperature of 37oC and mainly lysogenic at 25oC. In this presentation\, I will discuss the poten tial impact of these phages on seasonality and endemicity of Melioidosis.\ nSpeakers:\nEdouard Galyov (University of Leicester) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/563a5282-c6de-40ce-870f-f80a4ebeb9da/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Seasonality and endemicity of Melioidosis: the impact of phages. - Edouard Galyov (University of Leicester) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in the United States - Joel Werthe im (University of California\, San Diego) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180622T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180622T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/36b66e29-232f-44f6-9d7b-663d3bfffc53/ DESCRIPTION:HIV molecular epidemiology is the use of viral genetic sequenc e data in a public health setting\, and it has the potential to improve pu blic health surveillance and prevention efforts. My research focuses on th e use of molecular epidemiology in U.S. public health departments\, partic ularly in New York City. To conduct this research\, we developed a tool to construct HIV molecular transmission networks: HIV-TRACE (HIV Transmissio n Cluster Engine). Using HIV-TRACE\, we have investigated the dynamics of these transmission networks to evaluate both their epidemiological signifi cance and their utility in identifying potential targets of HIV interventi on and prevention efforts. We have also explored the dynamics of transmitt ed drug resistance across these networks. Our findings make a strong case for the expanded use of HIV molecular epidemiology in the United States.\n Speakers:\nJoel Wertheim (University of California\, San Diego) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 seminar room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/36b66e29-232f-44f6-9d7b-663d3bfffc53/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in the United States - Jo el Wertheim (University of California\, San Diego) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:3D microfluidic liver cultures are a physiological model to study Hepatitis B virus - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto (Imperial College London) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180502T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180502T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4ada38e8-af7b-4708-ab35-94e47b5e58fa/ DESCRIPTION:The in vitro models to study of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are ve ry limited and only poorly mimic physiological virus-host interaction. Rec ently\, we have demonstrated that 3D microfluidic cultures are a powerful tool to study HBV within its natural target cell. These cultures allow the long-term survival of primary human hepatocyte\, in the presence and in t he absence of Kupffer cells\, are highly susceptible to HBV and recapitula te all steps of the HBV life cycle. In addition to mimicking host response s observed in HBV-infected patients\, these advantages enable the evaluati on of sequential and long-term antiviral treatments targeting any step of the viral cycle and the study of innate immune responses to HBV by hepatoc ytes and other non-parenchymal cells in the liver.\nSpeakers:\nAna Maria O rtega-Prieto (Imperial College London) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4ada38e8-af7b-4708-ab35-94e47b5e58fa/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:3D microfluidic liver cultures are a physiological model to study Hepatitis B virus - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto (Imperial College Lon don) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:T-reg and T-effector subsets dynamics in viral infections - Nabil Seddiki (Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC)) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180425T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180425T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/452d5ee2-0d91-476f-95a0-e3914dbb95fc/ DESCRIPTION:Dr Nabila SEDDIKI is a Senior Lecturer at the Paris-Est Créte il University (UPEC). She holds an INSERM “Chaire d’Excellence en Immu nologie et Maladies Infectieuses”. She joined the Vaccine Research Insti tute (Créteil\, France) end of 2010. Before that she was a Research Fello w at the Centenary Institute (University of Sydney) and then a Senior Scie ntist at the National Centre for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (U niversity of New South Wales).\nDr Seddiki’s research interests are focu sed on the cellular and molecular characterisation of T-cell subsets. She is particularly interested in investigating the dynamics of antigen-specif ic T regulatory (Treg)\, T follicular helper and effector CD4+ T-cell subs ets in viral infections. More recently\, she has been investigating the ro le of microRNA and chromatin remodeling in the regulation of target molecu les during HIV-1 infection. \nHer talk will focus on “T-reg and T-effect or subsets dynamics in viral infections”\, i.e HIV-infected and treated patients who received therapeutic vaccination and she will discuss her cur rent work on how to improve therapeutic vaccination. Also\, she will share new\, non-published data on T-follicular helper cell (Tfh) subsets in inf luenza infection.\n\nSpeakers:\nNabil Seddiki (Paris-Est Créteil Universi ty (UPEC)) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/452d5ee2-0d91-476f-95a0-e3914dbb95fc/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:T-reg and T-effector subsets dynamics in viral infections - Nabil Seddiki (Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC)) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Archaevirology\, Uncovering the History of Viral Pathogens - Klaus Hedman (University of Helsinki) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180418T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180418T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/16cda153-4af3-4df9-9048-d7b8ebb0afb4/ DESCRIPTION:The study of ancient DNA is emerging into a discipline of its own\, with the subjects ranging from a plethora of species to extinct (arc haic) humans. Accordingly\, the information of ancestral pathogens is just beginning to promote our understanding of microbial transmission\, epidem ics and disease pathogenesis. \nWith a long-standing interest in virus gen ome tissue persistence (Söderlund\, Lancet 1997\; Norja\, PNAS 2006\; Py öriä\, Nat Commun 2017)\, we are time-traveling by PCRs and NGS for vira l nucleic acid sequences in archival human tissue remains (skeletal\; soft ) from a large variety of sources dating back decades\, centuries and mill ennia.\n\nSpeakers:\nKlaus Hedman (University of Helsinki) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/16cda153-4af3-4df9-9048-d7b8ebb0afb4/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Archaevirology\, Uncovering the History of Viral Pathogen s - Klaus Hedman (University of Helsinki) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:CTL Epitopes in Archived HIV-1 DNA of Patients at Success of cART and According to their HLA Alleles\; the Provir/Latitude Project - Pr Herv e Fleury (University Hospital of Bordeaux)\, Dr Camille Tumiotto (Universi ty Hospital of Bordeaux) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180404T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180404T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/503b1b07-0b43-47c7-b938-79868be937d9/ DESCRIPTION:The scientific and medical community is seeking to cure HIV. S everal pathways have been or are being explored: cART intensification\, la tency reversal agents\, monoclonal antibodies\, immunomodulators \, gene t herapy and therapeutic vaccination. Viro-immunological studies have demons trated the importance of the CD8+ T cell cytotoxic response and have mai nly oriented research on vaccine constructs towards this type of response. The results of the vaccine trials are clearly not commensurate with the h ope placed in them. Our team and others (Deng et al\, Nature 2015) have d rawn attention to the discrepancy between the archived CTL epitopes and th e theoretical recognition by the HLA alleles I. \nProvir/Latitude 45 proje ct aims to identify conserved HIV-1 CTL epitopes in archived DNA of patien ts at success of cART according to their potential presentation by the HLA alleles\; patients are recruited in Bordeaux and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro \ , Rio do Sul) \; the proviral DNA is sequenced (Sanger and or/NGS on the w hole length or at least on pol\, gag and nef regions)\; the HLA alleles ar e determined by molecular techniques (including NGS)\; a software (TuTuGen etics) has been set up which is able to link the data from sequencing (Sa nger or NGS)\, HLA alleles \, the Los Alamos HIV database and the IEDB sim ulator. It yields automatically a list per isolate of CTL epitopes and the ir potential affinity for the HLA grooves. Taking into account the dominan t HLA alleles of the investigated population\, we plan to define a list of CTL peptides which could be introduced into a vaccine composition. \nPro vir has been extended to a cooperation with McGill and CHUM in Montreal\, Canada. We plan to compare the archived CTL epitopes in archived proviral DNA of PBMC and Gut Associated Lymphoid tissues (GLAT) in patients at succ ess of cART using NGS technique and the TuTuGenetics software. \nProvir/L atitude 45 project is granted by Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD Avenir DS-2016 -005) \n\nSpeakers:\nPr Herve Fleury (University Hospital of Bordeaux)\, Dr Camille Tumiotto (University Hospital of Bordeaux) LOCATION:Medawar Building (level 30 Seminar room )\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/503b1b07-0b43-47c7-b938-79868be937d9/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:CTL Epitopes in Archived HIV-1 DNA of Patients at Success of cART and According to their HLA Alleles\; the Provir/Latitude Project - Pr Herve Fleury (University Hospital of Bordeaux)\, Dr Camille Tumiotto (University Hospital of Bordeaux) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Neutralizing Antibodies Prevent Zika Virus Infection and can Redu ce Zika Replication After Infection - David Watkins (University of Miami) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180326T130000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180326T140000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/46038d97-47c9-4d51-94c1-576d22538d60/ DESCRIPTION:We isolated human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against t he Zika virus and tested their ability to both block infection in non-huma n primates and to control viral replication after infection of pregnant ma caques\nSpeakers:\nDavid Watkins (University of Miami) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/46038d97-47c9-4d51-94c1-576d22538d60/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Neutralizing Antibodies Prevent Zika Virus Infection and can Reduce Zika Replication After Infection - David Watkins (University o f Miami) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Freeing Virus-Specific T Cells from their Antigen Burden: Full Re covery or Long-term Disability? - Georg M Lauer (Harvard Medical School) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180321T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180321T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/95c78be2-973a-4aa0-9fc5-e586c4629308/ DESCRIPTION:T cell exhaustion is a central mechanism of immune evasion for viruses and malignancies. Despite recent scientific and medical breakthro ughs demonstrating that T cell exhaustion can be overcome\, important que stions remain regarding the specific cellular programs governing T cell ex haustion. It is also unclear to what degree removal of persistent antigen\ , as the original cause for T cell exhaustion\, can lead to recovery of T cell functions and memory formation. Here we utilized the unique new hepat itis C virus (HCV) therapies with direct acting antivirals (DAA) as a high ly specific perturbation in a persistent viral infection in humans\, as th ese therapies control and terminate viral replication within days of initi ation of therapy. We designed a trial around DAA therapy with sampling of leukapheresis products and liver fine needle aspirates before and after tr eatment\, enabling us to perform comprehensive immune analysis in both the blood and the liver as the site of infection. Our key findings are that v irus specific CD8 T cells recover in phenotype\, but little in antiviral f unctions post HCV cure. With regards to HCV-specific CD4 T cells\, we find no significant improvement of the response in patients with treatment of chronic infection\, but a rescue of these responses if treatment is initia ted early after exposure. Overall our results indicate that antigen-specif ic T cell responses undergo partial recovery after termination of viremia\ , unlikely to mediate protection from re-infection. The cells might\, howe ver\, be amenable to additional immunomodulatory interventions targeting r emaining molecular road blocks to full functional recovery. Finally\, reco very of the CD4 T cell response might be only possible during a much short er window of opportunity after establishment of persistent viremia.\nSpeak ers:\nGeorg M Lauer (Harvard Medical School) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/95c78be2-973a-4aa0-9fc5-e586c4629308/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Freeing Virus-Specific T Cells from their Antigen Burden: Full Recovery or Long-term Disability? - Georg M Lauer (Harvard Medical School) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The role of host and pathogen population structure in the dynamics of drug and multi-drug resistance - Sonja Lehtinen (University College Lo ndon) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180214T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180214T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/a9e3823f-48f5-4af6-99f6-6302a978823b/ DESCRIPTION:Understanding the short- and long-term dynamics of drug and mu lti-drug resistance is important for public health. Yet\, there are pervas ive trends in resistance dynamics that have not been fully explained. Firs tly\, antibiotic sensitive and resistant strains coexist robustly\, despit e prolonged selection pressure from antibiotics. Secondly\, resistance to different antibiotics tends to co-occur on the same strains\, leading to h igh frequencies of multi-drug resistance (MDR). First\, we present a model in which coexistence is maintained by variation in duration of carriage w ithin the pathogen population (e.g. pneumococcal serotypes differing in du ration of carriage) because the fitness effect of resistance depends on du ration of carriage. Second\, we show that this model is structurally simil ar to other plausible models of coexistence where the coexistence-maintain ing mechanism is based on variation in the fitness benefit of resistance\, and that models with this structure also give rise to high MDR frequencie s\, because resistance against all antibiotics is concentrated in the sub- populations where the fitness advantage gained from resistance is high. We find that predictions about patterns of resistance and multi-drug resista nce from this model are qualitatively consistent with trends observed in m ultiple Streptococcus pneumoniae datasets. This model provides a parsimoni ous explanation for the pervasiveness of high MDR frequencies and allows u s to reconcile this trend with observed long-term stability in the prevale nce of resistance. \nSpeakers:\nSonja Lehtinen (University College London) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/a9e3823f-48f5-4af6-99f6-6302a978823b/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:The role of host and pathogen population structure in the dynamics of drug and multi-drug resistance - Sonja Lehtinen (University C ollege London) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Uncovering the dynamics of multi-strain pathogens from serological data - Adam Kucharski (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180207T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180207T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/c2ac8ee5-a287-4b4a-ba92-e23dfb7ab27d/ DESCRIPTION:Outbreaks of infections such as influenza can generate a subst antial disease burden. However\, understanding the dynamics of these infec tions remains challenging\, because individuals can be infected by multipl e strains over the course of their lifetime\, and infection with one strai n may generate a cross-reactive immune response to related viruses.\nI wil l talk about recent work we've done using mathematical models to estimate unobserved epidemiological and immunological dynamics from contemporary se rological data. As well as looking at how these methods can provide insigh ts into influenza outbreaks\, I'll discuss broader applications to dengue and related flaviviruses.\n\nSpeakers:\nAdam Kucharski (London School of H ygiene & Tropical Medicine) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/c2ac8ee5-a287-4b4a-ba92-e23dfb7ab27d/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Uncovering the dynamics of multi-strain pathogens from se rological data - Adam Kucharski (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medic ine) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Targeted Immunotherapy for Pre-Invasive High Risk Human Papillomav irus Disease - Lucy Dorrell (University of Oxford) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180228T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180228T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/9c87ca6b-27bc-4643-8911-1e9db1385c1e/ DESCRIPTION:High risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) are responsible for o ver 0.5 million cases of cervical cancer and 70\,000 anogenital and oropha ryngeal cancers annually. Invasive lesions represent the end stage of a mi nority of persistent infections that cause progressive dysplasia over many years. Licensed preventive vaccines do not prevent disease in women with pre-existing hrHPV infection. I will discuss progress towards development of therapeutic vaccines that harness cell-mediated immune responses to eli minate pre-invasive lesions and persistent infections.\nSpeakers:\nLucy Do rrell (University of Oxford) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/9c87ca6b-27bc-4643-8911-1e9db1385c1e/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Targeted Immunotherapy for Pre-Invasive High Risk Human P apillomavirus Disease - Lucy Dorrell (University of Oxford) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Malaria drug resistance and vector transmission - Ana Rivero (Fren ch National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS-IRD-Université de Montpe llier) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180307T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180307T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/61a46b34-e020-40b8-8c64-4546cd856572/ DESCRIPTION:The fate of drug resistant mutations depends on factors\, whic h we may be able to control\, such as the rate and pattern of drug use. Ho wever\, it also depends on factors over which we have no control\, the mos t important of which is the biological cost that resistance imposes on the fitness of parasites. Drug resistance mutations are known to disrupt the parasite's metabolism\, generating fitness costs. In drug-treated hosts\, these costs are largely compensated by the benefits conferred by the resis tance. In untreated hosts\, however\, the magnitude of these costs will de termine whether these mutations will persist and spread in the population. Current views about the costs of drug resistance in malaria parasites are almost entirely based on data regarding parasitic infections in the verte brate host. The costs of resistance in the mosquito vector have either bee n ignored entirely or been given only cursory attention. I will present da ta and ideas arising from a new project that aims to investigate the costs of drug resistance over the whole life cycle of Plasmodium.\nSpeakers:\nA na Rivero (French National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS-IRD-Univer sité de Montpellier) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/61a46b34-e020-40b8-8c64-4546cd856572/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Malaria drug resistance and vector transmission - Ana Riv ero (French National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS-IRD-Université de Montpellier) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Translational Research in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - Dr Alan Khoo (Head\, Molecular Pathology Unit\, Institute for Medical Research\, Kuala Lumpur\, Malaysia) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180126T100000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180126T110000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/68032ecb-6c89-4ff5-b601-31f53e9b7bd4/ DESCRIPTION:\nSpeakers:\nDr Alan Khoo (Head\, Molecular Pathology Unit\, I nstitute for Medical Research\, Kuala Lumpur\, Malaysia) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Please arrive 5 minutes early for access to the building)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/68032ecb-6c89-4ff5-b601-31f53e9b7bd4/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Translational Research in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - Dr A lan Khoo (Head\, Molecular Pathology Unit\, Institute for Medical Research \, Kuala Lumpur\, Malaysia) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Catch me if you can – Illuminating the onset of adaptive immunit y - Professor Robert Tampé (Goethe University Frankfurt) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180117T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180117T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/7a27acda-adba-4e08-9bb8-e8e67a407704/ DESCRIPTION:Eliminating infected or malignantly transformed cells are fund amental tasks of our immune system. For immune surveillance\, the metastab le cellular proteome is displayed as broken bits (peptides) on major histo compatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Our knowledge about the track from the cellular proteome to the presentati on of the peptidome has greatly expanded\, leading to a quite comprehensiv e understanding of the MHC I antigen processing pathway. I will report on the mechanism of antigen selection by membrane translocation\, editing\, a nd final quality control. Based on an integrative approach\, the contribut ion of individual proteins as well as the architecture of the MHC I peptid e-loading complex (PLC) and other MHC I editing complexes will be discusse d also in the context of viral immune evasion. The work provides an integr al framework for understanding the quality control of antigen selection an d unveils the molecular details underlying the onset of an adaptive immune response\nSpeakers:\nProfessor Robert Tampé (Goethe University Frankfurt ) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Please arrive 5 minutes early for access to the building)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/7a27acda-adba-4e08-9bb8-e8e67a407704/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Catch me if you can – Illuminating the onset of adaptiv e immunity - Professor Robert Tampé (Goethe University Frankfurt) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Bayesian forecasting of seasonal influenza epidemics - Alex Zarebs ki DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171212T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171212T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/dd8a1b83-928d-4c13-a9e1-e161a471609f/ DESCRIPTION:Each year\, health-care providers face the challenge of provid ing a timely and proportionate response to the annual seasonal influenza e pidemics. Accurate forecasting of these epidemics can enable these health- care providers to maximize preparedness. For several years now\, we have u sed a mechanistic transmission model coupled with a statistical observatio n model to generate predictions of key epidemic properties such as peak ti me and magnitude. Starting in Melbourne\, we now generate forecasts for se veral capital cities around Australia using a particle filter\, the state of the art in Bayesian forecasting. In addition to the practical outcome o f improving our forecasting capability\, this work emphasizes a key streng th of the Bayesian paradigm\, the capability to seamlessly incorporate pri or knowledge. While the issue of "rigged-priors" has made this issue somew hat controversial\, we feel the method provides an honest and beneficial a pproach and will enable more nuanced modelling\nSpeakers:\nAlex Zarebski LOCATION:Please arrive 5 minutes early for access to the building TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/dd8a1b83-928d-4c13-a9e1-e161a471609f/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Bayesian forecasting of seasonal influenza epidemics - Al ex Zarebski TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Meningococcal disease in South Africa - Dr Mignon du Plessis (Nati onal Institute for Communicable Diseases\, South Africa) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171204T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171204T150000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/81c5e310-546a-41f7-91ea-11a40d393b90/ DESCRIPTION:Mignon du Plessis is a medical scientist in the Centre for Res piratory Diseases and Meningitis at the National Institute for Communicabl e Diseases (NICD) in South Africa\, and holds a joint appointment as lectu rer at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. In her positio n she manages the molecular bacteriology laboratory which includes the det ection and characterisation of bacterial respiratory and meningeal pathoge ns for surveillance\, diagnostics and research. Her research interests inc lude the molecular epidemiology of bacterial respiratory pathogens and exp loring new molecular diagnostic platforms.\nSpeakers:\nDr Mignon du Plessi s (National Institute for Communicable Diseases\, South Africa) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Please arrive 5 minutes early for access to the building)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/81c5e310-546a-41f7-91ea-11a40d393b90/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Meningococcal disease in South Africa - Dr Mignon du Ples sis (National Institute for Communicable Diseases\, South Africa) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Antibiotic footprint - Do we need it? - Direk Limmathurotsakul (Vi siting Research Fellow in Microbiology) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171129T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171129T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/d506590d-ff46-4621-a0e7-030a8a949fc3/ DESCRIPTION:The seminar will highlight what is happening in South East Asi a to tackle AMR. Direk will challenge how we understand 'antibiotic free' labels on retail meat packs and discuss better ways of communicating our h uman 'antibiotic footprint'.\n\nSpeakers:\nDirek Limmathurotsakul (Visitin g Research Fellow in Microbiology) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Please arrive 5 minutes for access to the Build ing)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/d506590d-ff46-4621-a0e7-030a8a949fc3/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Antibiotic footprint - Do we need it? - Direk Limmathurot sakul (Visiting Research Fellow in Microbiology) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Towards a real-time genomic surveillance of arboviruses in the Ame ricas - Nuno Faria (Department of Zoology) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171122T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171122T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/eba03b6c-42c7-4263-8733-04be102c8ec6/ DESCRIPTION:My research focuses on investigating the patterns of gene flow in pathogen populations. I am particularly interested in phylogenetic met hods of sequence analysis that combine genetic\, spatial and ecological in formation. Specific questions involve (i) uncovering the spatiotemporal dy namics of human and animal pathogens\, (ii) identifying factors underlying pathogen spread and dynamics at different scales (e.g. geographic regions \, body compartments) and (iii) investigating the drivers of cross-species transmission and host shifts.\nSpeakers:\nNuno Faria (Department of Zoolo gy) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Please arrive 5 minutes early for access to the building)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/eba03b6c-42c7-4263-8733-04be102c8ec6/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Towards a real-time genomic surveillance of arboviruses i n the Americas - Nuno Faria (Department of Zoology) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Can kissing give you tuberculosis? - Helen A Fletcher (London Scho ol of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171115T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171115T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/fb3be242-4e44-4301-a47c-1eef36eb8922/ DESCRIPTION:An exploration of immune correlates of risk of developing TB d isease in infants in the Western Cape of South Africa.\nSpeakers:\nHelen A Fletcher (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/fb3be242-4e44-4301-a47c-1eef36eb8922/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Can kissing give you tuberculosis? - Helen A Fletcher (Lo ndon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:T cell communication goes viral-a role for extracellular vesicles in T cell help - Professor Mike Dustin (Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171025T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20171025T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/74e95858-0dda-4666-b10a-414dd273e048/ DESCRIPTION:We recently discovered that T cells generate extracellular ves icles within the immunological synapse that are highly enriched in T cell antigen receptors. Recently\, we developed new methods to document what o ther proteins are present and how they are localised within the extracellu lar vesicles\, which we refer to as synaptic ectosomes. The newly identif ied proteins include the retroviral restriction factor tetherin (CD317) an d the ligand for CD40 (CD154). I will present a new model for how these “virus” like particles help spread information in lymphoid tissues.\nS peakers:\nProfessor Mike Dustin (Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 conference room)\, off South Parks Roa d OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/74e95858-0dda-4666-b10a-414dd273e048/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:T cell communication goes viral-a role for extracellular vesicles in T cell help - Professor Mike Dustin (Kennedy Institute of Rheu matology) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The role of non-coding RNAs in viral infection and the immunometab olic response - John Pezacki (University of Ottawa) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20170926T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20170926T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/0d4d6715-d08f-45a7-b6f2-68ff2625156c/ DESCRIPTION:This lecture will cover noncoding RNAs\, specifically microRNA s (miRNAs) discovered to be oppositely regulated by the hepatitis C virus and the immunometabolic response to viral infection. Efforts to develop ne w therapeutic strategies based on these discoveries will also be discussed .\nSpeakers:\nJohn Pezacki (University of Ottawa) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 Seminar Room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/0d4d6715-d08f-45a7-b6f2-68ff2625156c/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:The role of non-coding RNAs in viral infection and the im munometabolic response - John Pezacki (University of Ottawa) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Use of network theory to define optimal HIV immune targets: Implic ations for immunologic control and immunogen design - Professor Bruce Walk er (Ragon Institute of MGH\, MIT and Harvard) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20170915T140000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20170915T150000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/865be80c-a4c6-4e2e-9594-e6251553a721/ DESCRIPTION:Viral diversity remains a major challenge to HIV vaccine devel opment. By applying concepts rooted in network theory to viral protein str ucture\, we have developed an algorithm that identifies amino acid residue s critical to the structure and function of HIV proteins. Functional data from persons who control HIV without medication demonstrate preferential C D8+ T cell recognition of highly networked residues predicted by the algor ithm. Application of this knowledge to inform a rational T cell-based vacc ine for HIV will be discussed.\nSpeakers:\nProfessor Bruce Walker (Ragon I nstitute of MGH\, MIT and Harvard) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Please note the Medawar Building has no recepti on. If you wish to attend the seminar you will need to call 281231 on arri val for entry.)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/865be80c-a4c6-4e2e-9594-e6251553a721/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Use of network theory to define optimal HIV immune target s: Implications for immunologic control and immunogen design - Professor B ruce Walker (Ragon Institute of MGH\, MIT and Harvard) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Progression from latent M. tuberculosis infection to TB disease - Dr Thomas Scriba (University of Cape Town\, South Africa) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20161031T120000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20161031T130000Z UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/e2b50d1f-fe4b-4919-8a23-8fcb495a5e76/ DESCRIPTION:Up to one-third of the global population is thought to harbour M. tuberculosis infection\, but only a fraction of infected persons progr ess to active TB disease. It is unclear why only some infected individuals progress to TB disease\, while others do not. Using systems immunology we dissected the immunobiology underlying progression from M. tuberculosis i nfection to active disease in a longitudinal study\, and developed transcr iptomic and proteomic correlates of TB risk that identify progressors befo re diagnosis of TB disease is possible. Predicting disease progression in asymptomatic individuals provides an opportunity for chemotherapeutic inte rvention and potential prevention of M. tuberculosis transmission.\nSpeake rs:\nDr Thomas Scriba (University of Cape Town\, South Africa) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Call 281231on arrival for entry)\, off South Pa rks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/e2b50d1f-fe4b-4919-8a23-8fcb495a5e76/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Progression from latent M. tuberculosis infection to TB d isease - Dr Thomas Scriba (University of Cape Town\, South Africa) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Memory T cell formation and vaccine development - Dr Ramon Arens ( Leiden University Medical Center\, Leiden\, The Netherlands) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150923T170000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150923T180000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4b7db657-a15e-4e65-86e8-e9d6df33e164/ DESCRIPTION:Dr Arens’s research aim is to understand the immunobiology o f T cell responses and to use this knowledge for the development and impro vement of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against pathogens and ca ncerous cells.\nSpeakers:\nDr Ramon Arens (Leiden University Medical Cente r\, Leiden\, The Netherlands) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Level 30 seminar room)\, off South Parks Road O X1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/4b7db657-a15e-4e65-86e8-e9d6df33e164/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Memory T cell formation and vaccine development - Dr Ramo n Arens (Leiden University Medical Center\, Leiden\, The Netherlands) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Shining the omics microscope on the mechanism of action of compoun ds used in HIV cure strategies - Dr Christopher Woelk (Department of Medic ine at the University of Southampton) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150430T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150430T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/0d58fcc9-378a-41a6-b836-eb8f28ab7f29/ DESCRIPTION:Vorinostat is currently being evaluated in clinical trials in a shock and kill approach to cure HIV. Transcriptomic and proteomic profi ling of Vorinostat in primary CD4 T cells has identified noteworthy off-ta rget effects\, subject-to-subject variation\, as well as biomarkers that m ay be monitored to confirm compound exposure.\nSpeakers:\nDr Christopher W oelk (Department of Medicine at the University of Southampton) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar Room 30\, Call 281880 on arrival for en try)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/0d58fcc9-378a-41a6-b836-eb8f28ab7f29/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Shining the omics microscope on the mechanism of action o f compounds used in HIV cure strategies - Dr Christopher Woelk (Department of Medicine at the University of Southampton) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Novel correlates of acquired immunity to malaria - Dr Danika Hill (Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne\, Australia) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150421T120000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150421T130000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/299590cf-3c1b-45d6-908e-ae224b4b275e/ DESCRIPTION:People can develop immunity to malaria following repeated expo sure\; hence the global search for a vaccine. However\, it remains unclear how immunity is acquired. We propose that immunity to Plasmodium falcipar um malaria requires specific types of humoral and cell-mediated cooperatio n\, in particular merozoite opsonisation and memory CD4 T cell effector fu nctions. We have investigated our model in longitudinal human population s tudies from Papua New Guinea (PNG) using in vitro assays of functional imm unity. Novel whole-parasite techniques were developed to quantify merozoit e opsonisation and functional CD4 T cell memory by 16-parameter flow-cytom etry\, and data related to clinical and parasitological outcomes. We have identified merozoite opsonisation as a strain-transcending definitive corr elate of protective immunity\, with up to a 85% decrease in risk of clinic al malaria observed. We have measured the frequency\, magnitude and breadt h of CD4 memory responses to merozoites\, including production of IFNγ\, TNF and IL-10 and poly- functional T cells. In what is the most comprehens ive study of its kind to date\, investigating humoral and cell-mediated me chanisms has enabled us to build a detailed model of natural immunity and has identified novel biomarkers that will assist the evaluation of future vaccines.\nSpeakers:\nDr Danika Hill (Population Health and Immunity Divis ion Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne\, Austra lia) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Call 281231on arrival for entry)\, off South Pa rks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/299590cf-3c1b-45d6-908e-ae224b4b275e/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Novel correlates of acquired immunity to malaria - Dr Da nika Hill (Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall I nstitute of Medical Research Melbourne\, Australia) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ŒSIV as a model for HIV infection - Professor David I. Watkins (U niversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine\, Miami\, FL) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150825T130000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150825T140000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/31762d18-0df9-4620-af61-06c7a62dc571/ DESCRIPTION:Dr. Watkins has an extensive background in vaccine research us ing the Indian rhesus macaque to test vaccine concepts. He has conducted m ore than 10 vaccine trials in Indian rhesus macaques using a variety of re gimens and challenge models. His main interests lie in finding T cell and antibody-based vaccines for several pathogens. He has worked with Brazilia n collaborators both at FIOCRUZ and at the University of São Paulo for t he last several years and has co-authored multiple publications with them. More recently his laboratory has developed a facility in culturing and me asuring viral concentrations and immune responses against flaviviruses as a direct result of the use of recombinant YF17D as a vaccine vector. Dr. W atkins’ extensive experience in testing vaccine approaches in NHP gives him the necessary background to develop vaccine for HTLV-1.\nSpeakers:\nPr ofessor David I. Watkins (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine\, Miami\, FL) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar Room 30\, Call 281231on arrival for ent ry)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/31762d18-0df9-4620-af61-06c7a62dc571/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:ŒSIV as a model for HIV infection - Professor David I. W atkins (University of Miami Miller School of Medicine\, Miami\, FL) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding MAIT cells: pathogenic role in gastritis - Criselle D'Souza (McCluskey laboratory Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150721T130000 DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20150721T140000 UID:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/aa0cbe3b-308e-454e-9804-be33cc5ca515/ DESCRIPTION:Mucosal Associated Innate T (MAIT) cells are innate like T lym phocytes that express a semi-invariant TCR and are restricted by the non-c lassical MHC class I-related molecule\, MR1. These cells are predominantl y found at mucosal surfaces and are activated by a novel class of antigens \, intermediates of the riboflavin synthesis pathway that are produced by certain class of bacteria and yeasts. \n\nWe have examined whether MAIT c ells play a role in the pathology of chronic H. pylori infection. We have recently developed highly specific MR1 tetramers that have been used to de tect and characterize MAIT cells in mice. Our studies show that MAIT cells play a key role in the regulation of gastric inflammation in H. pylori in fection. Using a mouse model that first enriches MAIT cells in the lung\, we show repopulation of MAIT cells to other mucosal sites including the st omach. On challenge with H. pylori\, these mice develop an accelerated inf lammatory response leading to atrophic gastritis. In our model\, MAIT cell s have a pathogenic rather than protective effect. We are working to unde rstand their role with a view to therapeutic intervention.\n\nSpeakers:\nC riselle D'Souza (McCluskey laboratory Department of Microbiology and Immu nology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Univer sity of Melbourne) LOCATION:Medawar Building (Seminar Room 30\, Call 281231on arrival for ent ry)\, off South Parks Road OX1 3SY TZID:Europe/London URL:https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/aa0cbe3b-308e-454e-9804-be33cc5ca515/ BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:display DESCRIPTION:Talk:Understanding MAIT cells: pathogenic role in gastritis - Criselle D'Souza (McCluskey laboratory Department of Microbiology and Imm unology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Unive rsity of Melbourne) TRIGGER:-PT1H END:VALARM END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR