This seminar examines how the commitment to economic inclusion in contemporary development policy affects informal economic actors in developing countries. It highlights the selective dynamics of inclusive market models, which generate new processes of exclusion in which the most vulnerable continue to be left behind. The case of Nigeria reveals how inclusive market initiatives reinforce parallel processes of informalization, poverty and Islamic extremism in the north of the country. Recent fieldwork in northern Nigeria is used to show how economic inclusion initiatives are intensifying competitive struggles within the informal economy in which stronger actors are crowding out poorer, less educated and migrant actors, exacerbating disaffection and vulnerability to radicalization.