Quantum computing is emerging as a transformative technology with profound implications for global security, strategic competition, and international order. This panel brings together experts in quantum science, strategy, and international relations to examine the meaning of quantum supremacy beyond its technical definition. We will explore how quantum intersects with classical IR theory—shaping deterrence, balance-of-power dynamics, alliance cohesion, and technological governance. Discussions will probe whether quantum advances could upend existing asymmetries and how theories of security dilemmas, technological diffusion, and institutional resilience help us anticipate their geopolitical consequences. By fusing insights from cutting-edge research in physics with frameworks from political science, the panel asks: will quantum technologies reinforce existing structures of power, or catalyze disruptive shifts in the architecture of international relations?