The Ottoman Empire began to emerge around 1300 and was dismantled following the First World War. This paper traces the emergence of the Bible in Ottoman Turkish, primarily in the 17th century. It then explores responses to the Bible, mainly in the Ottoman heartland of modern Türkiye, through the lens of particular writers down the centuries. The view of the Bible is usually critical, and responses are typically prompted by social and political factors. Although Jews and Christians living within the Ottoman Empire used the Bible, Muslim response was normally to perceived external influences. These included European powers and Christian missions, and works critiquing the Bible were sometimes commissioned directly by the Ottoman authorities.