Recent scholarly work on the linguistic history of French in England, on French’s changing socio-cultural domains and increased participation in the administration of Britain, and on its widened ‘global’ reach in the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries have combined to overturn older histories of Britain’s medieval French as rapidly ossifying into an artificial and moribund language. Under the Angevins and Plantagenets, French remained a language of conquest and trade within Britain and beyond it, offering meritocratic opportunities to a wider spectrum of social groups, many not initially elite. The Frenches to which francophone people from Britain now had access include the French of Outremer (the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, where French was a lingua franca for Europeans and Arabic speakers) and the Italo-French in which Marco Polo recorded his Eurasian experiences. One result of such expanded contact and awareness was a greatly increased French-language corpus of Latin-mediated natural science and encyclopaedic knowledge.