This paper draws on emerging research that shows how psychoanalysis was remarkably resilient in various parts of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union under Communism. Psychotherapeutic practices came to be shaped by informal meetings and training led by analysts who survived WWII, as well as by contact with western institutions, including the International Psychoanalytic Association and the Tavistock Clinic. I will then discuss my own archival and oral history research which uncovers the forgotten case of the Prague analysts Bohodar Dosužkov, Otakar Kučera and Jaroslav Stuchlík, tracing how psychoanalytic thought developed prior to 1938 in dialogue with Otto Fenichel, Sándor Ferenczi, and the Czech surrealist movement; and how it persisted both underground and in plain sight throughout the Communist period.