The Nobel Turing Challenge is a grand challenge aiming at developing a highly autonomous AI and robotics system that can make major scientific discoveries, some of which may be worthy of the Nobel Prize and even beyond.
With highly competent AI systems that are capable of planning and communicating their research questions and outcomes, it is conceivable that the Nobel Committee may give an award to an AI system without noticing that it is indeed an AI, not human. A possible future scenario is that AI scientists make scientific discoveries so distinctively different from any human scientist, which would signify the emergence of an alternative form of science.