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Based on mathematical ecological models, this report reviews the impact of spatially heterogeneous environments on the persistence and distribution of biological populations. The report aims to elucidate the interplay between population density and key factors, including diffusion coefficients, resource availability, and habitat structure. The study first investigates the ecological consequences of dispersal strategies within environments characterized by uneven resource distribution, demonstrating the monotonic dependence of peak population densities on diffusion rates. Furthermore, analysis of a consumer-resource system indicates that under resource-limited conditions, the ecosystem converges to a globally asymptotically stable state of coexistence. Building on these findings, the report additionally explores the constraints imposed by domain geometry on the spatial patterning of populations.
