The talk will set out the key debate in England at the Restoration, the need for a new orientation in mathematics towards algebra and the new “analysis”. It will focus on efforts by three central players in England’s mathematical community, John Pell, John Collins, and the Oxford mathematician John Wallis to produce an English language algebra text which would play a pioneering role in promoting this change. What was the background to the work we now call Pell’s Algebra and why was it so significant?