The history of the Bible in medieval England becomes a different story once the plethora of French-language scriptural translations enters the picture. Early twelfth-century psalters and their commentary, vigorous reworkings and commentary for individual books of the bible, and whole bibles and theological encyclopaedias in French in the later Middle Ages are an important part of the history of doctrine and devotion and lay-ecclesiastical relations. Their existence complicates historical narratives about English-language translation in England, especially in relation to the so-called ‘Wyclifite’ Bible, that have been in place since the sixteenth century.