This seminar will explore democratic opposition resistance to illiberalism in Hungary and Serbia. Drawing on recent civic mobilisations, protest movements in Serbia, and emerging spaces of opposition in both countries, the speakers will examine how citizens and local actors challenge the entrenched systems of Viktor Orbán and Aleksandar Vučić. In a comparative discussion, the seminar will shed light on the forms, limits, and potential of democratic engagement under illiberal rule in contemporary Europe.